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    The potential of Rhipicephalus microplus as a vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium in West Africa

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    Authors
    Some, M.V.
    Biguezoton, A.S.
    Githaka, Naftaly W.
    Adakal, H.
    Dayo, G.-K.
    Belem, A.
    Zoungrana, S.
    Stachurski, F.
    Chevillon, C.
    Date
    2023-03
    Language
    en
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review status
    Peer Review
    ISI journal
    Accessibility
    Open Access
    Usage rights
    CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
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    Citation
    Some, M.V., Biguezoton, A.S., Githaka, N., Adakal, H., Dayo, G.-K., Belem, A., Zoungrana, S., Stachurski, F. and Chevillon, C. 2023. The potential of Rhipicephalus microplus as a vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium in West Africa. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 14(2): 102117.
    Permanent link to cite or share this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/126659
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102117
    Abstract/Description
    Heartwater, or cowdriosis, is a virulent tick-borne rickettsial disease of ruminants caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, biologically transmitted by Amblyomma species (A. variegatum in West Africa). In West Africa, this bacterium was recently reported to naturally infect the invasive cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Rm) through trans-ovarian transmission from replete adult females to offspring. A ‘sheep-tick-sheep’ cycle was set up to determine whether feeding the progeny of these ticks on naïve sheep could lead to infection, and to compare clinical outcomes resulting from this transmission with those observed following infection by the natural A. variegatum (Av) vector. Using local strains of ticks (KIMINI-Rm and KIMINI-Av) and of E. ruminantium (BK242), we recorded, using the PCR technique, the presence of bacterial DNA in ticks (larvae for Av and females for Rm) engorged on sheep inoculated by BK242-infected blood. The bacterial DNA was also detected in the next stages of the lifecycle of R. microplus (eggs and larvae), and in sheep infested either by those R. microplus larvae or by A. variegatum nymphs moulted from larvae engorged on blood-inoculated sheep. Bacterial infection in these sheep was demonstrated by detecting antibodies to E. ruminantium using the MAP1-B ELISA and by isolation of the bacterium on cell culture from blood. The sequences of PCS20 gene detected in ticks and sheep were identical to that of the BK242 strain. Our results confirm that R. microplus can acquire and transmit E. ruminantium to the next stage. However, this transmission resulted in a mild subclinical disease whereas severe clinical disease was observed in sheep infested by A. variegatum infected nymphs, suggesting differences in the tick/bacteria relationship. Future studies will focus on replicating these findings with ticks of different isolates and life stages to determine if R. microplus is playing a role in the epidemiology of heartwater in West Africa. Additionally, studies will investigate whether sheep that are seropositive due to infestation by E. ruminantium-infected R. microplus are subsequently protected against heartwater. Such data will add to our understanding of the possible impact of R. microplus in areas where it has become recently established.
    CGIAR Author ORCID iDs
    Naftaly Githakahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-7164
    CGIAR Impact Areas
    Nutrition, health and food security
    Contributes to SDGs
    SDG 2 - Zero hunger
    AGROVOC Keywords
    animal diseases; livestock; heartwater
    Subjects
    ANIMAL DISEASES; LIVESTOCK;
    Regions
    Africa; Western Africa
    Species
    Rhipicephalus microplus; Ehrlichia ruminantium
    Organizations Affiliated to the Authors
    Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide, Burkina Faso; Université Nazi Boni; International Livestock Research Institute; Université Dan Dicko Dan Koulodo; Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
    Investors/sponsors
    International Foundation of Science; International Mixed Laboratory on Vector-borne Diseases
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    • ILRI articles in journals [6240]
    • ILRI Tick unit [49]

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