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    Ancient diversity and geographical sub-structuring in African buffalo Theileria parva populations revealed through metagenetic analysis of antigen-encoding loci

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    Authors
    Hemmink, J.D.
    Sitt, T.
    Pelle, Roger
    Klerk-Lorist, L.M. de
    Shiels, B.
    Toye, Philip G.
    Morrison, W. Ivan
    Weir, W.
    Date
    2018
    Language
    en
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review status
    Peer Review
    Accessibility
    Open Access
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    Citation
    Hemmink, J.D., Sitt, T., Pelle, R., Klerk-Lorist, L.-M. de, Shiels, B., Toye, P.G., Morrison, W.I. and Weir, W. 2018. Ancient diversity and geographical sub-structuring in African buffalo Theileria parva populations revealed through metagenetic analysis of antigen-encoding loci. International Journal for Parasitology
    Permanent link to cite or share this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/90996
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.10.006
    Abstract/Description
    An infection and treatment protocol involving infection with a mixture of three parasite isolates and simultaneous treatment with oxytetracycline is currently used to vaccinate cattle against Theileria parva. While vaccination results in high levels of protection in some regions, little or no protection is observed in areas where animals are challenged predominantly by parasites of buffalo origin. A previous study involving sequencing of two antigen-encoding genes from a series of parasite isolates indicated that this is associated with greater antigenic diversity in buffalo-derived T. parva. The current study set out to extend these analyses by applying high-throughput sequencing to ex vivo samples from naturally infected buffalo to determine the extent of diversity in a set of antigen-encoding genes. Samples from two populations of buffalo, one in Kenya and the other in South Africa, were examined to investigate the effect of geographical distance on the nature of sequence diversity. The results revealed a number of significant findings. First, there was a variable degree of nucleotide sequence diversity in all gene segments examined, with the percentage of polymorphic nucleotides ranging from 10% to 69%. Second, large numbers of allelic variants of each gene were found in individual animals, indicating multiple infection events. Third, despite the observed diversity in nucleotide sequences, several of the gene products had highly conserved amino acid sequences, and thus represent potential candidates for vaccine development. Fourth, although compelling evidence for population differentiation between the Kenyan and South African T. parva parasites was identified, analysis of molecular variance for each gene revealed that the majority of the underlying nucleotide sequence polymorphism was common to both areas, indicating that much of this aspect of genetic variation in the parasite population arose prior to geographic separation.
    CGIAR Affiliations
    Livestock
    AGROVOC Keywords
    AFRICAN BUFFALOES; ANIMAL DISEASES; VACCINES
    Subjects
    ANIMAL DISEASES; BUFFALO; DISEASE CONTROL; ECF; GENETICS; VACCINES;
    Investors/sponsors
    Department for International Development, United Kingdom; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
    Collections
    • ILRI articles in journals [4809]
    • ILRI BecA articles [139]
    • ILRI livestock genetics program outputs [276]

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